Serum levels of histamine and diamine oxidase in multiple sclerosis
Serum levels of histamine and diamine oxidase in multiple sclerosis
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Am J Clin Exp Immunol 2018;7(6):100-105 www.ajcei.us /ISSN:2164-7712/AJCEI0086352
Aryan Rafiee Zadeh1, Masih Falahatian1, Fereshteh Alsahebfosoul2
1School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; 2Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract:
Background:
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, mostly affecting young adults. Diamine oxidase is an enzyme essential for histamine production. Histamine which is produced mostly by mast cells can have effects on different aspects of immune system via its different histamine receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R and H4R). The crucial role of diamine oxidase and histamine in immune balance has been documented in different studies and experiments both on MS patients and on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this regard, we aimed to measure the level of histamine and diamine oxidase in the serum of MS patients.
Methods:
A total number of 50 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and 41 age and sex matched controls were enrolled in this study. Assessments of serum levels of histamine and diamine oxidase enzyme were performed using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The serum levels of histamine and diamine oxidase in RRMS patients were lower than healthy controls (P-value = 0.00, for both).
Conclusion:
Our research team found significant low levels of histamine and diamine oxidase in RRMS patients; however the pathogenesis of this issue was unclear.
Biogenic Amines in Plant-Origin Foods: Are they Frequently Underestimated in Low-Histamine Diets?
Biogenic Amines in Plant-Origin Foods: Are they Frequently Underestimated in Low-Histamine Diets?
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Foods 2018, 7(12), 205.
Autors information:
Abstract
Low-histamine diets are currently used to reduce symptoms of histamine intolerance, a disorder in histamine homeostasis that increases plasma levels, mainly due to reduced diamine-oxidase (DAO) activity. These diets exclude foods, many of them of plant origin, which patients associate with the onset of the symptomatology. This study aimed to review the existing data on histamine and other biogenic amine contents in nonfermented plant-origin foods, as well as on their origin and evolution during the storage or culinary process. The only plant-origin products with significant levels of histamine were eggplant, spinach, tomato, and avocado, each showing a great variability in content. Putrescine has been found in practically all plant-origin foods, probably due to its physiological origin. The high contents of putrescine in certain products could also be related to the triggering of the symptomatology by enzymatic competition with histamine. Additionally, high spermidine contents found in some foods should also be taken into account in these diets, because it can also be metabolized by DAO, albeit with a lower affinity. It is recommended to consume plant-origin foods that are boiled or are of maximum freshness to reduce biogenic amine intake.
Cite this article:
Sánchez-Pérez, S.; Comas-Basté, O.; Rabell-González, J.; Veciana-Nogués, M.T.; Latorre-Moratalla, M.L.; Vidal-Carou, M.C. Biogenic Amines in Plant-Origin Foods: Are they Frequently Underestimated in Low-Histamine Diets? Foods 2018, 7, 205.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods7120205
Microbial patterns in patients with histamine intolerance
Microbial patterns in patients with histamine intolerance.
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J Physiol Pharmacol. 2018 Aug;69(4). doi: 10.26402/jpp.2018.4.09. Epub 2018 Dec 9.
Author information
- 1
- First Department of Medicine, Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- 2
- Second Department of Medicine, Thuringia-Clinic Saalfeld, Saalfeld/Saale, Germany.
- 3
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- 4
- First Department of Medicine, Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany. yurdaguel.zopf@uk-erlangen.de.
Abstract
Histamine intolerance represents a controversially discussed disorder. Besides an impaired degradation of orally supplied histamine due to diamine oxidase (DAO) deficiency, a deranged gut flora may also contribute to elevated histamine levels. Our aim was to determine the intestinal bacterial composition in patients with proven histamine intolerance in comparison to other food intolerances and healthy controls. A total of 64 participants were included in the study, encompassing 8 patients with histamine intolerance (HIT), 25 with food hypersensitivity (FH), 21 with food allergy and 10 healthy controls (HC). All participants underwent blood testing for total and food-specific immunoglobulin E, plasma histamine and DAO serum activity. Stool samples were used to analyze stool histamine and zonulin levels and bacterial composition by 16s rRNA sequencing. No significant differences in stool histamine levels were observed, but HIT patients showed elevated levels of stool zonulin. Microbiota analysis revealed increased levels of Proteobacteria (5.4%) and a significantly reduced alpha-diversity in the HIT group (P = 0.019). On family level, HC showed a significantly higher abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae compared to other study groups (P = 0.005), with lowest levels in the HIT group (P = 0.036). Also significantly reduced abundances of the genera Butyricimonas (P = 0.026) and Hespellia (P = 0.025) were observed in the HIT patients, whereas Roseburia were significantly elevated (P = 0.021). We concluded that the altered occurrence of Proteobacteria and Bifidobacteriaceae, reduced alpha-diversity as well as elevated stool zonulin levels suggest a dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction in histamine intolerant patients, which in turn may play an important role in driving disease pathogenesis.
- PMID:
- 30552302
- DOI:
- 10.26402/jpp.2018.4.09
Conformational Design and Characterisation of a Truncated Diamine Oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis
Conformational Design and Characterisation of a Truncated Diamine Oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis
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Abstract
A functional mini protein can be developed by miniaturising its size. The minimisation technique provides an excellent model system for studying native enzymes, especially in creating an alternative novel biocatalyst. Miniaturised proteins may have enhanced stability, a crucial characteristic for large-scale production and industrial applications. In this study, a huge enzyme molecule, known as diamine oxidase (DAO, comprising 700 amino acids), was selected to undergo the process.
Methods
Results
Histamine-reduced diet and increase of serum diamine oxidase correlating to diet compliance in histamine intolerance
Histamine-reduced diet and increase of serum diamine oxidase correlating to diet compliance in histamine intolerance.
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Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018 Jul 18. doi: 10.1038/s41430-018-0260-5. [Epub ahead of print]
Author information
- 1
- Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31a, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
- 2
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital Steyr, Sierninger Straße 170, A-4400, Steyr, Austria.
- 3
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
- 4
- Practice for General Internal Medicine, Dr. Theodor Körnerstrasse 19b, A-8600, Bruck, Austria. w.schnedl@dr-schnedl.at.
Abstract
Diagnosis of histamine intolerance (HIT) has been based on low serum diamine oxidase (DAO) values, functional gastrointestinal disorders and improvement of symptoms with a histamine-reduced diet (HRD). In a retrospective analysis of outpatients’ charts we identified 101 patients with HIT. After a median of 13 months, a questionnaire was distributed to the patients so that they could be classified into four diet-compliance groups. Calculated with all 101 patients we found an increase of serum DAO values due to a HRD. In the 63 patients that completed the questionnaire, we found that 50 patients had improvement of symptoms or no continuing symptoms. A significant increase of serum DAO levels was found in the patients with strict and occasional diet compliance. Therefore, we demonstrate that a HRD is not only improving symptoms in HIT, but is causing an increase in serum DAO values that correlates with the degree of diet compliance.
- PMID:
- 30022117
- DOI:
- 10.1038/s41430-018-0260-5
Low-histamine diet supplemented with exogenous diamine oxidase enzyme is useful for treating migraine in patients with DAO Deficiency
Low-histamine diet supplemented with exogenous diamine oxidase enzyme is useful for treating migraine in patients with DAO Deficiency.
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Ann Nutr Metab 2018;73 (suppl 2); 1-93
A.Duelo; M.Berbel; H.Mantecon-Laviguerie; O.Comas-Basté; M.L.Latorre-Moratalla; M.T.Veciana-Noguès; M.C.Vidal-Carou.
Departament of Nutrition, Instituto Clónico del Déficit de DAO (ICDDAO), Sant Cugat del Vallés. Spain; Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastonomia. Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació.INSA-UB.XaRTA.Universitat de Barcelona.Santa Coloma de Gramanet. Spain
Spanish Nutrition Society SEÑ and the Catalan Association of Food Science (ACCA), Barcelona, Spain, june 27-29, 2018
Introduction:
Low-histamine diets and/or exogenous diamine oxidase (DAO) supplementation are currently used to treat symptoms of histamine intolerance (IH), a disorder in histamine homeostasis that increases its plasma levels, mainly dou to DAO deficiency. Headache is the most recognized symptoms.
Objectives:
To assess the effectiveness of a low-histamine diet plus a DAO enzyme supplement on the remision of migraine in subjects with DAO deficiency.
Methods:
An intervention study was carried out in 212 individuals with a migraine diagnosis by a neurologist according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders and wih DAO deficiency (DAO <80 HDU/ml). Subjects followed a 3-month low-histamine diet based on the exclusion of foods considered rich in histamine or other biogenic amines and usually related to the onset of HI symptoms, such as fermented products (cheese, dry-fermented sausage, wine, beer), semi-preserved and canned fish, shellfish, certain fruits and vegetables (spinach, tomato, egg-plant, avocado, citrus, bananas, strawberries, pineapple, nuts) and chocolate. A DAO supplement was administrered before break-fast, lunch and dinner. Outcomes assessed were duration and number of attacks and perception of pain intensity with a score-scale fom 0 (absence) to 10.
Results:
Most subjects showed and improvement in migraines after the 3-month treatment: 34.9% reported complete remission and another 35.8% had a reduced number of migraines episodes per month of less duration and pain intensity. The treatment was less successful in 29.3% of patients. On average, when comparing baseline and final values after treatment, all outcomes were significantly reduced: 8 to 2 attacks per month, 24 to 3 hours of pain and 8 to 4 in pain intensity scoring.
Conclusions:
A low-histamine diet supplemented with the DAO enzyme for three months was useful in reducing the number of attacks, duration and intensity of pain in migraineous patients with DAO deficiency.
DOI: 10.11.59/000490752
What about legumes as a plant source of the DAO enzime?
What about legumes as a plant source of the DAO enzime?
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Ann Nutr Metab 2018;73 (suppl 2): 1-93
Spanish Nutrition Society SEÑ and the Catalan Association of Food Science (ACCA), Barcelona, Spain, june 27-29, 2018
O.Comas-Basté; S.Sánchez-Pérez; R.I. Garza-Guajardo; M.L.Latorre-Moratalla ; M.T.Veciana-Nogués; M.C.Vidal-Carou.
Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastonomia. Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació.INSA-UB.XaRTA.Universitat de Barcelona.Santa Coloma de Gramanet.Spain
Introduction:
The use of exogenous diamine oxidase (DAO) enzyme has been recently postulated as a potential strategy for the treatment of histamine intolerance, a disorder in the homeostasis of histamine caused by a reduction of its intestinal degradation. Dietary supplements based on gastro-resistant encapsulated porcine kidney protein extract ara available on the market to reduce the symptoms of this intolerance. Although with scarce scientific research, there are some references about the potential of pea seedlings as a source of DAO.
Objectives:
To study the capacity of legumes and their sprouts to reduce histamine in vitro and evaluate the influence of different growing conditions on this enzymatic activity. If confirmed, legumes could become and advantageous alternative to porcine DAO enzyme from a productive and sustainable perspective.
Methods:
In vitro DAO activity was measured through and enzymatic assay and the subsequent analysis of remaining histamine by UHPLC-FL. Analysed samples were both raw pulses and prouts of lentils, beans (white, red and black), broad beans, peas, chickpeas and soy.
DOI: 10.11.59/000490752
Plasma concentration of diamine oxidase (DAO) predicts 1-month mortality of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure
Plasma concentration of diamine oxidase (DAO) predicts 1-month mortality of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure
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Clin Chim Acta. 2018 Sep;484:164-170. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.050. Epub 2018 May 26.
Author information
- 1 Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan 250012, China; Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan 250012, China.
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan 250012, China.
- 3 Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan 250012, China; Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan 250012, China. Electronic address: wangdoc876@126.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) has high 1-month mortality but it is difficult to predict. This present study was aimed to determine the diagnostic value of plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) in predicting the 1-month mortality of ACHBLF.
METHODS:
A total of 106 consecutive newly diagnosed ACHBLF patients were retrospectively collected. The plasma expression of DAO was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS:
The plasma DAO level of survivals [14.0 (7.1; 26.5) ng/mL] was significantly lower than the nonsurvivals [58.6 (32.5; 121.3) ng/mL, P < .001]. The plasma DAO level, hepatic encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score were independent factors associated with the 1-month mortality for ACHBLF. The cut-off point of 15.2 ng/mL for plasma DAO level with sensitivity of 95.45%, specificity of 62.5%, 22.6 for MELD score with sensitivity of 90.91%, specificity of 67.5%, 0.07 for DAO plus MELD with sensitivity of 87.88%, specificity of 80% were selected to discriminate 1-month morality of ACHBLF. Furthermore, DAO plus MELD score showed high AUROC than MELD score for predicting 1-month (0.916 vs. 0.843, P < .01).
CONCLUSIONS:
The plasma DAO level plus MELD > 0.07 predicts poor 1-month mortality of ACHBLF.
PMID: 29842857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.050
Diamine Oxidase Supplementation in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study
Diamine Oxidase Supplementation in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study.
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Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2018;176(3-4):268-271. doi: 10.1159/000488142. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
Author information
- 1
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
- 2
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
- 3
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Allergology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Diamine oxidase (DAO) catabolizes and inactivates histamine, a key player in a wide range of invalidating conditions, such as migraine and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). The highest expression of DAO occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, possibly to control the burden of histamine intake from food.
METHODS:
Here, we tested the hypothesis that a 30-day oral supplementation with DAO (1 capsule b.i.d., 15 min before a meal) could reduce the severity of CSU as estimated by the 7-Day Urticaria Activity Score (UAS-7). The study was designed as a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover investigation of 22 patients with CSU incompletely controlled by first-line antihistamine therapy.
RESULTS:
Twenty patients completed the study. Supplemental therapy with DAO caused a 3.8 ± 1.2 point mean ± SEM UAS-7 score reduction in patients with low serum DAO levels at time 0 (p = 0.041 compared to placebo). The degree of UAS-7 improvement was inversely correlated with the levels of basal DAO (p = 0.019). Patients receiving DAO supplementation were able to slightly reduce their daily antihistamine dose (p = 0.049).
CONCLUSION:
These data suggest that DAO may be involved in the pathogenic cascade of CSU and that DAO supplementation could be effective for symptom relief in patients with low DAO levels in serum.
© 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.
KEYWORDS:
Chronic spontaneous urticaria; Diamine oxidase; Histamine; Histamine intolerance
- PMID:
- 29698966
- DOI:
- 10.1159/000488142
Circadian profiling reveals higher histamine plasma levels and lower diamine oxidase serum activities in 24% of patients with suspected histamine intolerance compared to food allergy and controls
Circadian profiling reveals higher histamine plasma levels and lower diamine oxidase serum activities in 24% of patients with suspected histamine intolerance compared to food allergy and controls.
Allergy. 2018 Apr;73(4):949-957. doi: 10.1111/all.13361. Epub 2017 Dec 15.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Medicine 1, Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- 2
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Histamine intolerance is thought to trigger manifold clinical symptoms after ingesting histamine-rich food due to reduced activity of diamine oxidase (DAO). No study has hitherto systematically assessed daily fluctuations of histamine levels and DAO activities in symptomatic patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of histamine intolerance, to therefore establish day profiles of histamine levels and DAO activities, and to compare the results between patients with suspected histamine intolerance, food allergy and healthy controls.
METHODS:
We determined day profiles of histamine plasma levels and DAO serum activities in 33 patients with suspected histamine intolerance, in 21 patients with proven food allergy and in 10 healthy control patients. Clinical symptoms, food intolerances and further clinical and laboratory chemical parameters were evaluated.
RESULTS:
Twenty-four percent (8 of 33) suspected histamine-intolerant patients showed elevated histamine levels during the day. That might be caused by constantly and significantly reduced DAO activities in these patients compared to food-allergic and control patients. The remaining 25 patients presented normal histamine levels and DAO activities, but an increased prevalence of multiple food intolerances compared to the other subgroup of suspected histamine-intolerants. There was no correlation between subjective complaints and serological histamine parameters in patients with suspected histamine intolerance.
CONCLUSIONS:
We determined by daily profiling that decreased DAO activities correlated with elevated histamine levels in a subgroup of suspected histamine-intolerants. This finding discriminates these patients from food intolerant individuals with similar clinical symptoms and strongly suggests the presence of histamine intolerance.
© 2017 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
KEYWORDS:
day profile; diamine oxidase activities; food allergy; histamine intolerance; histamine levels
- PMID:
- 29154390
- PMCID:
- PMC5947167
- DOI:
- 10.1111/all.13361